Ongororo uye maonero eMagetsi Vehicle uye EV Charger musika muAmerica

Ongororo uye maonero eMagetsi Vehicle uye EV Charger musika muAmerica
Nepo denda rarova maindasitiri akati wandei, mota yemagetsi uye yekuchaja zvivakwa zvezvivakwa zvave zvisirizvo. Kunyangwe musika weUS, wanga usiri mutambi wepasi rose, wave kutanga kukwira.
Mukufanotaura kwemusika wemotokari dzemagetsi kuUS muna 2023, US tech blog Techcrunch yakati mutemo weInflation Reduction Act (IRA), wakapasiswa nehurumende yeUS muna Nyamavhuvhu, watove nemhedzisiro yakakura paindasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi, nevagadziri vemotokari vari kushanda kuti vafambe. cheni dzavo dzekugovera uye mafekitori kuUnited States.
Kwete Tesla uye GM chete, asiwo makambani akaita seFord, Nissan, Rivian uye Volkswagen, achabatsirwa.
Muna 2022, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi muUS kwaitongwa nemhando shoma, seTesla's Model S, Model Y uye Model 3, Chevrolet's Bolt uye Ford's Mustang Mach-E. 2023 ichaona mamwe mamodheru matsva achibuda sezvo mafekitori matsva anouya parukova, uye anozove anodhura.
McKinsey anofanotaura kuti echinyakare automaker uye EV kutanga achagadzira akawanda anosvika mazana mana emhando nyowani panosvika 2023.
Zvakare, kuitira kutsigira kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvekuchaja mirwi, US yakazivisa kuti icharonga bhajeti remabhiriyoni manomwe nemazana mashanu emadhora muna 2022 kuvaka zviteshi zvekuchaja zviuru mazana mashanu. Sangano risingabatsiri purofiti ICCT inofungidzira kuti panosvika gore ra2030, kudiwa kwechiteshi chekuchaja veruzhinji muUnited States kuchapfuura miriyoni imwe.
Musika wemotokari dzemagetsi uri kukura
Musika wepasi rose wemotokari dzemagetsi, unosanganisira Hybrid Electric mota (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric mota (PHEV) neBattery Electric mota (BEV), urikuramba uchikwira munzvimbo yakaoma yeCOVID-19 denda.
Zvinoenderana neongororo yeMcKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021), kunyangwe kudzikira kwese kwekutengesa mota dzepasirese, 2020 raive gore hombe rekutengesa mota dzemagetsi, uye nechikamu chetatu chegore iro, kutengesa kwepasirese kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakapfuura. iyo pre-COVID-19 level.
Kunyanya, kutengesa muEurope neChina kwakawedzera ne60% uye 80% zvakateerana mukota yechina pamusoro pekota yapfuura, zvichisundira mwero wepasi rose wemagetsi emagetsi kupinda rekodhi yepamusoro ye6%. Ipo iyo US yakasara kumashure kwemamwe matunhu maviri, kutengesa kweEV kwakakura neinosvika mazana maviri muzana pakati peQ2 2020 neQ2 2021, zvichibatsira kuwana chiyero chekupinda mudzimba che3.6% panguva yedenda (ona Mufananidzo 1).

Mufananidzo 1 - Kwakabva: McKinsey kudzidza (Fischer et al., 2021)
Zvakadaro, kunyatsotarisisa kugoverwa kwenzvimbo yekunyoresa EV mhiri kweUS kunoratidza kuti kukura kwekutorwa kweEV hakuna kuitika zvakaenzana munzvimbo dzese; yakanyatsoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye kuwanda mumaguta makuru uye inosiyana nenyika, nedzimwe nyika dzine nhamba dzakakwirira dzeEV kunyoreswa uye mitero yekugamuchira (Mufananidzo 2).

Imwe kunze inoramba iri California. Sekureva kweUS Department of Energy's Alternative Fuels Data Center, kunyoreswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kuCalifornia kwakakwira kusvika pa425,300 muna 2020, inomiririra 42% yekunyoresa mota dzemagetsi. Izvi zvinodarika kanomwe nhamba yekunyoresa muFlorida, iyo ine nhamba yechipiri yepamusoro yemotokari dzemagetsi dzakanyoreswa.
Iwo makamba maviri ari muUS yekuchaja chiteshi musika
Kunze kweChina neEurope, United States ndiyo yechitatu pamisika yemachaja emotokari pasi rose. Sekureva kwehuwandu hweIEA, kubva muna 2021, kune mamirioni maviri emagetsi matsva muUS, zviuru zana negumi nemazana mana ekuchaja mota (36,000 zviteshi zvekuchaja), uye mota yeruzhinji-murwi reshiyo ye17: 1, ine inononoka AC kuchaja accounting inosvika makumi masere nerimwe. %, yakaderera zvishoma pane musika weEurope.
US ev charger yakakamurwa nerudzi kuita AC inononoka kuchaja (kusanganisira L1 - kuchaja awa 1 kutyaira 2-5 mamaira uye L2 - kubhadharisa awa 1 kutyaira gumi-makumi maviri mamaira), uye DC inokurumidza kuchaja (kuchaja 1 awa kutyaira makumi matanhatu mamaira. kana kupfuura). Parizvino, AC inononoka kuchaja L2 account ye80%, ine mukuru weChargePoint achipa 51.5% yemugove wemusika, nepo DC ichikurumidza kuchaja account ye19%, inotungamirwa naTesla ine 58% yemusika.

Kunobva: Hua 'an Securities
Sekureva kwemushumo wakaitwa neGrand View Research, iyo US mota yemagetsi inochaja musika wemusika waive $2.85 bhiriyoni muna 2021 uye inotarisirwa kukura pamwero wepagore wekukura (CAGR) we36.9% kubva 2022 kusvika 2030.
Aya anotevera ndiwo makuru eUS makambani ekuchaja mota dzemagetsi.
Tesla
Mugadziri wemotokari yemagetsi Tesla ndiye muridzi uye anoshanda yayo yega network yeSupercharger. Iyo kambani ine zviteshi zvekuchaja 1,604 uye 14,081 supercharger pasi rese, iri munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye kuTesla vatengesi. Hunhengo hahudiwe, asi hunogumira kumotokari dzeTesla dzakashongedzerwa nemakongiri evaridzi. Tesla inogona kushandisa majaja eSAE kuburikidza nemaadapter.
Mutengo unosiyana nenzvimbo uye zvimwe zvinhu, asi kazhinji $0.28 pakWh. Kana mutengo unoenderana nenguva yakashandiswa, i13 cents paminiti iri pasi pe60 kWh uye 26 cents paminiti pamusoro pe60 kWh.
Iyo Tesla yekuchaja network inowanzo sanganisira anopfuura 20,000 supercharger (anokurumidza majaja). Nepo mamwe machaja network aine musanganiswa weNhamba 1 (kupfuura maawa masere kusvika kuzere), Level 2 (kupfuura maawa mana kusvika kuzere kuchaja) uye Level 3 inokurumidza majaja (inenge 1 awa kusvika kuzara), zvivakwa zveTesla zvakagadzirirwa kubvumira varidzi. kuti upinde munzira nekukurumidza nechaji pfupi.
Yese Supercharger zviteshi zvinoratidzwa pamepu inopindirana muTesla's on-board navigation system. Vashandisi vanogona kuona zviteshi munzira, pamwe nekumhanya kwavo kwekuchaja uye kuwanikwa. Iyo Supercharger network inobvumira varidzi veTesla kuti vawane yakanakisa inokwanisika yekufamba ruzivo pasina kuvimba neyechitatu-bato yekuchaja zviteshi.
Blink
Iyo Blink network ndeye Car Charging Group, Inc, inoshandisa 3,275 Level 2 uye Level 3 majaja eruzhinji muUnited States. Iyo sevhisi modhi ndeyekuti haufanirwe kuve nhengo kuti ushandise Blink charger, asi unogona kuchengetedza imwe mari kana iwe ukajoinha.
Mutengo wekutanga wekuchaja Level 2 i$0.39 kusvika $0.79 paKWH, kana $0.04 kusvika $0.06 paminiti. Level 3 yekukurumidza kuchaja inodhura $0.49 kusvika $0.69 per KWH, kana $6.99 kusvika $9.99 per charge.
ChargePoint
Yakavakirwa muCalifornia, ChargePoint ndiyo hombe yekuchaja network muUS ine mapoinzi anodarika 68,000 ekuchaja, ayo 1,500 ari Level 3 DC yekuchaja michina. Chikamu chidiki chete chezviteshi zvekuchaja zveChargePoint ndidzo Level 3 DC Fast Charger.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo zhinji dzekuchaja dzakagadzirirwa kunonoka kuchaja mukati mezuva rebasa kunzvimbo dzekutengesa uchishandisa Level I uye Level II majaja. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakakwana yekuwedzera kunyaradzwa kwevatengi kune EV kufamba, asi network yavo ine zvikanganiso zvakakura zvekufamba-famba uye kure-kure, izvo zvinoita kuti pasave nemukana wekuti varidzi veEV vanovimba zvachose neChargePoint.
Electrify America
Electrify America, yeautomaker Volkswagen, inoronga kuisa 480 kukurumidza kuchaja zviteshi munzvimbo gumi nenomwe dzemadhorobha mumatunhu makumi mana nemaviri mukupera kwegore, paine chiteshi chega chega chinowanikwa zvisingapfuure mamaira makumi manomwe kubva kune chimwe. Hunhengo haudiwe, asi zvidzikiso zviripo zvekujoinha chirongwa chePass + chekambani. Mari yekuchaja inoverengerwa paminiti yega yega, zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye huwandu hwemagetsi hunogamuchirwa hwemotokari.
Semuyenzaniso, muCalifornia, base cost i$0.99 paminiti pa350 kW capacity, $0.69 pa125 kW, $0.25 pa75 kW, uye $1.00 per charge. Mari yepamwedzi yePass+ plan i$4.00, uye $0,70 paminiti 350 kW, $0.50 paminiti pa125 kW, uye $0.18 paminiti pa75 kW.
EVgo
EVgo , yakavakirwa muTennessee uye inochengetedza anopfuura chiuru nemazana maviri emagetsi ekukurumidza machaja mumatunhu makumi matatu nemana. Mitengo yekuchaja nekukurumidza inosiyana nedunhu. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo yeLos Angeles muCalifornia, inodhura $0.27 paminiti kune vasiri nhengo uye $0.23 paminiti kune nhengo. Kunyoresa kunoda mubhadharo wepamwedzi we$7.99, asi unosanganisira maminetsi makumi matatu nemana ekukurumidza kuchaja. Chero nzira, Level 2 inobhadharisa $1.50 paawa. Ziva zvakare kuti EVgo ine chibvumirano neTesla cheEVgo kukurumidza kuchaja zviteshi kuti zviwanikwe kune varidzi veTesla.
Volta
Volta, kambani yeSan Francisco-based inoshanda inodarika mazana manomwe ekuchaja zviteshi mumatunhu gumi, chinomira pachena ndechekuti kuchaja midziyo yeVolta mahara uye hapana nhengo inodiwa. Volta yakapa mari yekuiswa kweLevel 2 yekuchaja mayunitsi pedyo nezvitoro zvakaita seWhole Foods, Macy's neSaks. Kunyange iyo kambani ichibhadhara bhiri remagetsi, inoita mari nekutengesa anotsigirwa ads anoratidzwa pamamonitor akaiswa pamagetsi ekuchaja. Iyo Volta inonyanya kudhonzesa kushaikwa kwezvivakwa zveLevel 3 yekuchaja nekukurumidza.