Shanduko yepasi rose kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi (EVs) yakawana danho rakakura mumakore mashoma apfuura. Sezvo hurumende dzichisundidzira zvigadziriso zvekufambisa zvakasvibirira uye vatengi vanowedzera kutora mota-eco-hushamwari, kudiwa kwezvekutengesa EV majajayakawedzera. Kuiswa kwemagetsi ezvekufambisa hakuchisiri maitiro asi chinhu chinodiwa, uye mabhizinesi ane mukana wakasarudzika wekutora chikamu mushanduko iyi nekupa yakavimbika yekuchaja zvivakwa.
Muna 2023, zvaifungidzirwa kuti motokari dzemagetsi dzinopfuura mamiriyoni gumi dzaive mumigwagwa pasi rose, uye nhamba iyi inotarisirwa kuramba ichikwira zvakanyanya. Kutsigira shanduko iyi, kuwedzera kwezviteshi zvekuchaja motokari dzemagetsiinokosha. Zviteshi izvi zvakakosha kwete chete pakuona kuti varidzi veEV vanokwanisa kuchaja mota dzavo asiwo nekugadzira yakasimba, inosvikika, uye inobatika yekuchaja network inofambisa kutorwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Kana iri pacommercial kuchaja chiteshimunzvimbo yezvitoro kana chivako chehofisi, majaja eEV ava kufanira kuva nawo kumabhizinesi ari kutsvaga kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevatengi vemazuva ano vanokoshesa zvakatipoteredza.
Mugwaro rino, tichapa kutarisa kwakadzamazvekutengesa EV majaja, kubatsira mabhizinesi kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana emachaja aripo.
Maitiro ekusarudza: Commerce EV Charger Sarudzo Yekutarisa
Shandisa chinyorwa ichi kuti uzive sarudzo yako:
A. Shandisa Nyaya & Nguva Yekugara:(semuenzaniso, Retail Shopping - 1-2 maawa -> Level 2 High Power).
B. Parking Kuwanikwa:(semuenzaniso, Fleet Depot -> Level 2 kana DCFC zvichienderana nekuchinja).
C. Electrical Capacity:(Sevhisi iripo inotsigira kudiwa kutsva here? Ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha.)
D. Networked/Non-Networked:(Unoda kugadziriswa kwekubhadhara kana kutarisa kure?)
Zviri Mukati
1. Ndedzipi Idzo Nzvimbo Dzakanakira EV Kuchaja Chiteshi Kuiswa?
Kubudirira kwe ayekutengesa EV chargerkuiswa kunoenderana zvakanyanya nenzvimbo yayo. Kuisa zviteshi zvekuchaja munzvimbo dzakakodzera kunovimbisa kushandiswa kwakanyanya uye ROI. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kunyatsoongorora midziyo yavo, maitiro evatengi, uye maitiro emumigwagwa kuti vaone pekuisazviteshi zvekuchaja motokari dzemagetsi.
1.1 Dunhu reKutengesera uye Nzvimbo dzekutengera
Madistrict Commerceuyezvitorodziri pakati penzvimbo dzakanakirazviteshi zvekuchaja motokari dzemagetsi. Idzi nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda dzinokwezva vashanyi vakasiyana-siyana vangangopedza nguva yakakosha munzvimbo iyi-ichivaita vanhu vakakwana pakuchaja EV.
Varidzi veEV vanozotenda kuve nyore kuchaja mota dzavo pavanenge vachitenga, vachidya, kana kuita tumwe tunhu.Zviteshi zvekuchaja mota dzekutengesamunzvimbo idzi dzinopa mabhizinesi mukana wakanaka wekuzvisiyanisa kubva kune vanokwikwidza. Havasi ivo chete vanokwezva vatengi vanoziva zvakatipoteredza, asi vanobatsirawo mabhizinesi kuvaka magwaro avo ekuchengetedza. Uyezve, zviteshi zvekuchaja mukatikutengesa magetsi emotokari yekuchaja mapoinzi kuiswamunzvimbo dzekutengesa dzinogona kuunza imwe mari kuburikidza nekubhadhara-per-use modhi kana zvirongwa zvenhengo.
1.2 Nzvimbo dzebasa
Nekuwedzera kwenhamba yevatenzi vemotokari yemagetsi, kupa EV kuchaja mhinduro panzvimbo dzebasaidanho rakasarudzika remabhizinesi ari kutsvaga kukwezva nekuchengetedza tarenda. Vashandi vanotyaira mota dzemagetsi vanozobatsirwa nekuwanamajaja emotokari yemagetsi ekutengesapanguva dzekushanda, kuderedza kudiwa kwavo kuti vatsamire pakuchaja pamba.
Zvemabhizinesi,kushambadzira EV charger kuisirwakubasa kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kugutsikana uye kuvimbika kwevashandi, ukuwo uchibatsira kune zvinangwa zvekambani. Iyo inzira yekumberi yekuratidza vashandi kuti kambani inotsigira shanduko yekuchenesa simba.
1.3 Zvivakwa zveApartment
Sezvo vanhu vazhinji vachichinjira kumotokari dzemagetsi, zvivakwa zvemafurati uye dzimba dzemhuri dzakawanda dziri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kupa mhinduro dzekuchaja kune vagari vadzo. Kusiyana nedzimba dzemhuri imwe chete,vanogara mufuratikazhinji haakwanise kuwana imba yekuchaja, kugadzirazvekutengesa EV majajachinhu chinodiwa muzvivako zvemazuva ano zvekugara.
Kupakutengesa magetsi emotokari yekuchaja mapoinzi kuiswamuzvivako zvemafurati zvinogona kuita kuti zvivakwa zviwedzere kukwezva kune vangangove maroja, kunyanya avo vane kana kuronga kutenga mota yemagetsi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inogonawo kuwedzera kukosha kwezvivakwa, sezvo vagari vazhinji vachizotungamira dzimba neEV yekuchaja zvivakwa.
1.4 Nzvimbo dzeBasa Renzvimbo
Nzvimbo dzebasa dzemunzvimbomo, sezviteshi zvepeturu, zvitoro zvinorerutsira, uyerestaurants, inzvimbo dzakanaka dzezvekutengesa EV zvekuchaja zviteshi. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzoona kuwanda kwemotokari, uye varidzi veEV vanogona kuchaja mota dzavo vachimira mafuta, chikafu, kana masevhisi ekukurumidza.
1.5 Kunobva Data uye Mashandisirwo Mapateni
Maererano neUS Department of Energy (DOE) Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC), mwero weavhareji wekushandisa kune yeruzhinji Level 2 charger kazhinji yakadzikira (yakatenderedza 5-10%), asi iyi inonetsa metric yekufungidzira ROI.
Nokuwedzerazviteshi zvekuchaja mota dzekutengesakunzvimbo dzemasevhisi emuno, mabhizinesi anogona kubatsira vateereri vakawanda uye nekusiyanisa mihoro yavo. Zvivakwa zvekuchaja zviri kuwedzera kukosha munharaunda, kunyanya sezvo vanhu vazhinji vachivimba nemotokari dzemagetsi pakufamba nzendo refu.
2. Zviteshi zveMagetsi Ekutengesa Motokari Inosarudzwa Sei?
Pakusarudza ayekutengesa EV charger, akati wandei akakosha zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti chiteshi chinosangana nezvinodiwa nebhizinesi uye izvo zvevashandisi veEV. Kunzwisisa marudzi ezviteshi zvekuchaja uye maficha azvo kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo ine ruzivo.
2.1 Level 1 yekuchaja Zviteshi
Level 1 yekuchaja zviteshindiyo iri nyore uye inodhura-inoshanda sarudzo yemajaja emotokari yemagetsi ekutengesa. Aya majaja anoshandisa yakajairwa 120V imba yekubuda uye anowanzo kuchaja EV nechiyero chemamaira maviri-5 erenji paawa.Level 1 majajadzakanakira nzvimbo dzichapakwa maEV kwenguva yakareba, senzvimbo dzebasa kana zvivakwa zvefurati.
ApoLevel 1 yekuchaja zviteshihaadhure kuisa, anononoka pane dzimwe sarudzo, uye anogona kunge asina kukodzera kunzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uko varidzi veEV vanoda kubhadhariswa nekukurumidza.
2.2 Level 2 Magetsi Vehicle Charge Stations
Level 2 majajandiwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yezvekutengesa EV majaja. Vanoshanda padunhu re240V uye vanogona kuchaja mota yemagetsi 4-6 nguva nekukurumidza kupfuuraLevel 1 majaja. Ayekutengesa Level 2 EV charger, inoshanda pa 240V, inowanzopa simba kubva6 kW (25A) to 19.2 kW (80A). Izvi zvinoshandura kune zvinofungidzirwa15-60 mamaira kubva paawa. Technical Note:Zvekutumirwa kwekutengesa,NEC Chinyorwa 625(EV Power Transfer System) inofanirwa kuteverwa kune ese waya uye inodzivirira mudziyo zvinodiwa.
Kumabhizinesi ari munzvimbo dzinowanzogara vatengi kwenguva yakareba-senge nzvimbo dzekutengesera, zvivakwa zvehofisi, nedzimba—Level 2 majajaimhinduro inoshanda uye inodhura. Aya majaja isarudzo yakanakisa kumabhizinesi anoda kupa yakavimbika uye inokurumidza kuchaja sevhisi kune varidzi veEV.
2.3 Level 3 Kuchaja Zviteshi - DC Fast Charger
2.4 Empirical Case Study
Mutengi wekutengesa muTexas akaiswa4 x 19.2kW Level 2 majaja. Avhareji yavo yekuisa mutengo pachiteshi yaive$8,500(pamberi pekukurudzira). Chidzidzo chakakosha chakadzidzwa: ivo pakutanga vakarerutsa kureba kwewaya, izvo zvaida kukwidziridza saizi yeconduit, kuwedzera basa rekuchera ne.15%.
Level 3 yekuchaja zviteshi, inozivikanwawo seDC fast charger, ipai kukurumidza kuchaja kumhanya, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uko vatengi vanoda kuchaja nekukurumidza. Zviteshi izvi zvinoshandisa 480V DC magetsi sosi uye inogona kuchaja EV kusvika 80% mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu.
ApoLevel 3 majajazvinodhura kuisa nekuchengetedza, zvakakosha pakutsigira rwendo rwekureba uye kugovera kune vatengi vanoda kukurumidza kuchaja. Nzvimbo dzakaita sepamigwagwa mikuru yekuzorora, nzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzakabatikana, uye nzvimbo dzekufambisa dzakanakiraDC fast charger.
3. Commercial Electric Vehicle Charging Station Deals uye Discounts muU.S
MuUS, kune zvirongwa zvakasiyana uye zvinokurudzira zvakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kuiswa kwezviteshi zvekuchaja motokari dzemagetsi. Aya madhiri anobatsira kudzikamisa mitengo yepamusoro yepamusoro uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kumabhizinesi kuisa mari muEV zvivakwa.
3.1 Federal Tax Credits yeCommercial Electric Vehicle Charger
Federal Tax Credit (ITC - 30C): Kujekesa Iyo Yazvino Policy (Kutanga Ndira 1, 2023 - Zvita 31, 2032)- Mabhizinesi anoisa kushambadzira EV majaja anogona kunge akakodzera kune iyoAlternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit (IRS Form 8911). Izvi zvinopa kusvika30% yemutengo (wakavharwa pamadhora zana panzvimbo), chero kuiswa kwacho kuchisangana nemuhoro uripo uye zvinodiwa pakudzidzira basa.
3.2 National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Formula Programs
Ichi chirongwa, chinotungamirwa neFederal Highway Administration (FHWA), chinogovera$5 bhiriyonikuti nyika ivake network yenyika yeDC Fast Charger pamwe nemikoridho yakasarudzwa.Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kunyorera kuburikidza nehofisi yavo yeDOT.Kuti uwane mamiriro azvino uye zvinodiwa, ona iyoofficial FHWA NEVI webhusaiti link pano.
Kuburikidza neNEVI, mabhizinesi anogona kunyorera mari yekubatsira kubhadhara mutengo wekushambadzira EV charger kuisirwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kwavari kuti vabatsire mukukura kweEV ecosystem.
4. Commercial Electric Vehicle Chaja Chiteshi chekuisa Mari
Mutengo wekuisazviteshi zvekuchaja motokari dzemagetsizvinoenderana nezvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira rudzi rwechaja, nzvimbo, uye zviripo zvemagetsi.
4.1 Kutengeserana Kwemagetsi Vehicle Charge Station Infrastructure
Zvivakwa zvinodiwa pakuiswazvekutengesa EV majajakazhinji ndiyo inonyanya kudhura chikamu chepurojekiti. Mabhizinesi angangoda kukwidziridza masisitimu avo emagetsi, anosanganisira matransformer, macircuit breaker, uye wiring, kuti agadzirise zvinodikanwa zvemagetsi.Level 2 or DC fast charger. Pamusoro pezvo, mapaneru emagetsi angangoda kukwidziridzwa kuti abate iyo yepamusoro amperage inodiwa kune majaja ekutengesa.
4.2 Kuiswa Kwemotokari Yemagetsi Kuchaja Chiteshi
Mutengo wekushambadzira EV charger kuisirwainosanganisira basa rekuisa mayunitsi uye chero wiring inodiwa. Izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekuoma kwenzvimbo yekuisa. Kuisa machaja muzvinhu zvitsva zvivakwa kana zvivakwa zvine zvivakwa zviripo zvinogona kudhura pane kudzoreredza zvivakwa zvekare.
4.3 Networked Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Networked charger inopa mabhizinesi kugona kutarisa mashandisirwo, kutevedzera mabhadharo, uye kuchengetedza zviteshi zviri kure. Nepo networked masisitimu ane mitengo yakakwira yekuisa, ivo vanopa yakakosha data uye mabhenefiti ekushanda, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha mari kumabhizinesi ari kutsvaga kupa isina musono yekuchaja ruzivo kune vatengi.
4.4 Kutarisisa Kwakakosha: Kutakura Kwekutakura uye Kubhadharisa Kudiwa
Kune mawebhusaiti ekutengesa, kungokwidziridza mapaneru hakuna kukwana. Load Management Systems yakakosha kugovera simba zvakachengeteka uye kudzivirira inodhura Demand Charges kubva kukambani yekushandisa, kunyanya kumasumbu eNhamba 2 kana DCFC mayunitsi. Iyi nhanho yekuronga inoda mainjiniya emagetsi ane rezinesi kuti aite Kuverengera Kwemutoro (paNec) chero basa remuviri risati ratanga.
4.5 Yakareruka Commercial EV Charger Cost Model (Per Port Estimate, Pre-Incentive)
| Item | Level 2 (Single Port) | DCFC (50kW) |
|---|---|---|
| Equipment Cost | $2,000 - $6,000 | $25,000 - $40,000 |
| Magetsi/Infrastructure Upgrade (Trenching, Conduits, Main Panel) | $3,000 - $10,000 | $40,000 - $100,000 |
| Installation Labor | $1,500 - $4,000 | $10,000 - $25,000 |
| Zvose Zvinofungidzirwa Mutengo (Range) | $6,500 - $20,000 | $75,000 - $165,000 |
Cherechedzo: Mari yezvivakwa inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekureba kune utility yekubatanidza.
5. Public Commercial Electric Vehicle Charge Stations
Kuiswa uye kugadzirisa kwezviteshi zvekuchaja zvemagetsi zveveruzhinjiinoda kutariswa kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zviteshi zvinoramba zvinoshanda uye zvichiwanikwa kune vese varidzi veEV.
5.1 Yekutengesa Yemagetsi Motokari Kuchaja Chiteshi Yekubatanidza Inowirirana
Zvekutengesa EV majajashandisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekubatanidza, kusanganisiraSAE J1772nokutiLevel 2 majaja,uyeCHAdeMO or CCSzvibatanidza zveDC fast charger. Zvakakosha kuti mabhizinesi aisezviteshi zvekuchaja motokari dzemagetsiizvo zvinowirirana nezvinobatanidza zvinonyanya kushandiswa neEVs munzvimbo yavo.
5.2 Kugadziriswa kweMagetsi eMagetsi ekuchaja Zviteshi
Kugadzirisa nguva nenguva kwakakosha pakuita kuti izvozvozvekutengesa EV zvekuchaja zviteshiramba uchishanda uye wakavimbika. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvigadziriso zvesoftware, kuongororwa kwehardware, uye nyaya dzekugadzirisa matambudziko sekudzima kwemagetsi kana matambudziko ekubatanidza. Mabhizinesi mazhinji anosarudza zvibvumirano zvebasa kuti ave nechokwadi chavozvekutengesa EV majajadzinochengetwa zvakanaka uye dzinoramba dzichipa basa rakavimbika kune vatengi.
Sezvo motokari dzemagetsi dzichiramba dzichiwana mukurumbira, kudiwa kwezvekutengesa EV zvekuchaja zviteshizvinongotarisirwa kusimuka. Nekunyatsosarudza nzvimbo chaiyo, rudzi rwejaja, uye vanobatirana navo, mabhizinesi anogona kuita mari pakukura kuri kudiwa kweEV zvivakwa. Zvinokurudzira zvakaita se federal tax kiredhiti uye chirongwa cheNEVI chinoita shanduko kuendazvekutengesa EV majajainokwanisika, nepo kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa kunovimbisa kuti mari yako inoramba ichishanda kwemakore anotevera.
Ungave uri kutsvaga kuisachiyero chekutengesa 2 EV majajakubasa kwako kana network yeDC fast chargerpanzvimbo yezvitoro, kuisa mari mukatizvekutengesa EV zvekuchaja zviteshiisarudzo yakangwara yemabhizinesi anoda kugara kumberi kwekona. Neruzivo rwakakwana uye kuronga, unogona kugadzira zvivakwa zvekuchaja izvo zvisingaite chete zvinodikanwa zvanhasi asi zvakagadzirirwawo EV shanduko yemangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-03-2024