Nekukurumidza kutorwa kwepasi rose kweEVs, gwara iri rinotarisa pane yakaoma, inoshandukaNorth America kuchaja ecosystem. Isu tinosanganisa zvazvino tekinoroji zvakatemwa uye yakakosha yeinjiniya deployment ruzivo rwakatorwa kubva kumaindasitiri emasangano (SAE, CharIN), uye ane chiremera data masosi (DOE, NREL), tichitarisa kuSAE J1772 uye ISO 15118 magwaro akajairwa. Ongororo yacho inoongorora zvine hungwaru hunyanzvi hwekuita, miganhu yekuenderana, uye mafambiro emangwana, ichivavarira kupa Yekutanga ongororo kuburikidza nelenzi yekudyidzana kweprotocol.
Zviri Mukati
1. Chii chinonzi CCS Kuchaja?
CCS (Combined Charging System)ndiyo inosiyana-siyana EV yekuchaja chiyero chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muEurope uyekareiyo inotonga nekukurumidza-kuchaja mwero muNorth America. Inotsigira zvoseAC (Alternating Current)uyeDC (Yakananga Iyezvino)kuchaja kuburikidza nechibatanidza chimwe chete, ichipa shanduko huru kune vashandisi. Iyo CCS yekubatanidza inosanganisa yakajairwa AC yekuchaja mapini (akadai seJ1772 kuNorth America kana Type 2 muEurope) aine maviri ekuwedzera mapini eDC, achigonesa ese anononoka AC kuchaja uye yakakwirira-inomhanya DC ichikurumidza kuchaja kuburikidza nechiteshi chimwe chete.
Zvakanakira zveCCS:
• Multi-functional Charging:Inotsigira zvese AC uye DC kuchaja, inokodzera imba uye yeruzhinji kuchaja.
• Kuchaja Nekukurumidza:DC yekuchaja nekukurumidza inogona kubhadharisa bhatiri kusvika pa80% mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu, zvichideredza zvakanyanya nguva yekuchaja.
• Wide Adoption:Yakagamuchirwa nevakuru veautomaker uye yakabatanidzwa muhuwandu huri kuwedzera hweveruzhinji hwekuchaja zviteshi.
Seyakajairwa chiyero muEuropean Union, CCS2 inoramba iri iyo inotonga DC inokurumidza-kuchaja yekubatanidza.Maererano neEuropean Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO) data (Q4 2024), ruzhinji (zvinenge85% kusvika 90%) yemapoinzi ekuchajisa veruzhinji anoshandisa Type 2 (AC) kana CCS (DC) zvinongedzo. [ACEA Source]. Data kubva kuUS Department of Energy (DOE)inoratidza kuti CCS inoramba iri chiyero chakaiswa chezvikepe zvazvino zvemotokari dzisiri dzeTesla muNorth America, kunyangwe pakati pekuchinja kweNACS [DOE-AFDC Source].
2. Ndedzipi Mota Dzinotsigira CCS Kuchaja?
CCSanosara arifast-charging dominant standardpasi rose, kunyanya muEurope. KuNorth America, mazhinji aripo asiri eTesla EVs (pre-2025 modhi) anotsigira CCS1, kunyangwe vagadziri vazhinji vakazivisa shanduko kuenda kuNACS ports kutanga muna 2025.
Motokari dzinotsigirwa dzinosanganisira:
•Volkswagen ID.4
• BMW i4 uye iX series
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Idzi mota dzinoenderana neakawanda-akakwira-kumhanya kuchaja network, ichipa ruzivo rwakanaka pakufamba daro refu.
3. The North American Landscape Shift: CCS1 vs. SAE J3400 (NACS)
Musika weNorth America parizvino unotsanangurwa nemakwikwi pakatiCCS1(iyo yedunhu CCS chiyero) uye iyoNorth American Charging System (NACS), iyo yakamisikidzwa neSosaiti yeMotokari Engineers (SAE) seSAE J3400.
Ichi chinyorwa chinopa ongororo yakadzama yeazvino North America yekuchaja nyika, ichitarisa pane tekinoroji zvirevo uye.pamusoro-pasi-pasi deployment matambudzikoyeCCS1, J1772, uye inokwira SAE J3400 (NACS) chiyero.Isu tinobatanidza ruzivo rwunobva kune makuru ekuchaja network maopareta uye mota dzeinjiniya zvinyorwakuenzanisa mhando dzekuchaja, kuenderana kwemuviri, uye maitiro enguva refu.
| Feature | CCS1 (Combined Charging System) | NACS / SAE J3400 (North American Charging System) |
|---|---|---|
| Connector Design | Huru, bulkier connector inobatanidza J1772 pini nemapini maviri eDC. | Diki, yakareruka, uye yakawanda ergonomic dhizaini; pini imwe yakaiswa kune ese ari maviri AC/DC. |
| Dominant Region | Europe (seCCS2) uye yaimbova North America. | North America (yakaiswa kuti ive iyo default standard). |
| Ramangwana Outlook | Icharamba yakakosha kune iripo isiri-Tesla EV zvikepe uye kuburikidza nemaadapter. | Makuru maautomaker arikuitora kune matsva mamodheru anotanga mukati2025/2026. |
Iyo yakajairwa yeNACS yekubatanidza seSAE J3400inopa yakajeka indasitiri nzira, kuve nechokwadi chekudyidzana uye chengetedzo chitupa chekugamuchirwa kwayo kwakapararira muNorth America yose.
4. Chii chinonzi J1772 Kuchaja?
SAE J1772ndiwo mweroAC (Alternating Current)yekuchaja yekubatanidza muNorth America, inonyanya kushandiswaLevel 1 (120V)uyeLevel 2 (240V)kuchaja. Yakagadzirwa neSosaiti yeAutomotive Engineers (SAE),inoenderana neanenge ese maEV uye plug-in hybrid mota dzemagetsi (PHEVs) dzinotengeswa kuNorth America.
Zvimiro zveJ1772:
• AC Kuchaja Chete:Inokodzera kunonoka kuchaja kumba kana kumabasa.
• Wide Compatibility:Inotsigirwa neanenge ese maEV uye maPHEV muNorth America.
• Kushandiswa Kwepamba Neruzhinji:Inowanzo shandiswa mudzimba dzekuchaja setups uye yeruzhinji AC yekuchaja zviteshi.
Maindasitiri anofungidzira kuti ndizvopamusoro pe80-90%yeNhamba 2 yekuchaja imba inotengeswa muNorth America inoratidzira J1772 yekubatanidza, ichiimisa seyakajairwa AC standard.Varidzi veTesla vanogona kubhadharisa mota dzavo pazviteshi zveveruzhinji zveAC vachishandisa adapta yeJ1772. Pamusoro pezvo, mushumo weMagetsi Mobility Canada unoratidza kuvimba kwakapararira paJ1772 neNissan Leaf uye varidzi veChevrolet Bolt EV yekuchaja zuva nezuva.
5. Ndedzipi Mota Dzinotsigira J1772 Kuchaja?
ZvizhinjiEVsuyePHEVsmuNorth America vaneJ1772 zvibatanidza, zvichiita kuti ive yakanyanya kuenderana mwero weNhamba 1 uye Level 2 yekuchaja.
Motokari dzinotsigirwa dzinosanganisira:
• Mienzaniso yeTesla (ine adapta)
• Nissan Leaf
• Chevrolet Bolt EV
• Toyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Kuenderana kwakafara kweJ1772 kunoita kuti ive imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa kuchaja mwero muNorth America.Seyepasi rose Level 2 (AC) chiyero, ese asiri maTesla EVs uye maPHEV anogadzirwa kumusika wekuNorth America (asati atanga shanduko yeNACS, semuenzaniso, pre-2025/2026 modhi) akashongedzerwa 71 chiteshi cheJ 10 , 7 0 1 0 1. ye AC kuchaja. Kushandisa kwaTesla kweJ1772 adapter kunobvumira mota dzayo kuchaja pazviteshi zveveruzhinji zveAC. Pamusoro pezvo, tsvagiridzo yeMagetsi Mobility Canada inoratidza kuti varidzi veNissan Leaf neChevrolet Bolt EV vanokoshesa kugarisana uye nyore kushandisa kweJ1772.
6. Misiyano Yakakosha Pakati peCCS neJ1772
Pakusarudza chiyero chekuchaja, vashandisi vanofanirwa kufungakuchaja kumhanya,kugarisana, uye kushandisa makesi. Heino misiyano mikuru:
| Kuenzanisa | CCS (Combined Charging System) | J1772 (SAE J1772) |
| Charging Type | Inotsigira AC (Chikamu 2) uyeDC (Level 3) inokurumidza kuchaja | AC kuchaja chete(Level 1 uye Level 2) |
| Kuchaja Speed | DC inokurumidza kuchaja kazhinji50 kW kusvika 350 kW (pasi pemaminetsi makumi matatu kusvika pa80%). | Level 2 ichichaja kusvika 19.2 kW (4–8 maawa pakuchaja izere) |
| Connector Design | Yakakura, yakakura yekubatanidza inosanganisa J1772 AC pini nemapini maviri akazvitsaurira eDC. | Compact AC kuchaja yekubatanidza yeNhare 1/2 chete. |
| Kukurukurirana Protocol | ISO 15118 (Simba Mutakuri - PLC)zvemhando yepamusoro (semuenzaniso, Plug uye Charge) | SAE J1772 (Pilot Signal)nokuda kwekutanga kuchaja kutonga uye kuchengetedza kupindirana. |
| Hardware Cost | (DCFC Unit): $10,000 kusvika kudarika $40,000 USD (ye50–150 kW unit, tisingasanganisire civil engineering) | Level 2 Home Units: Kazhinji$300 - $1,000 USDye hardware unit. |
| Shandisa Nyaya | Kuchaja pamba, kufamba nzendo refu, uye kubhadharisa veruzhinji nekukurumidza. | Kumba kana kubasa kunonoka kuchaja (kwehusiku / zuva nezuva kupaka). |
a. Kuchaja Speed:
CCS neNACS zvinotsigira kukurumidza kuchaja kweDC, kazhinji kubva pa50 kW kusvika350 kW(zvichienderana nechiteshi uye chivakwa chemotokari). J1772 inogumira kuNhanho 2 AC kuchaja, ine huwandu hwepamusoro hwakajairwa kubuda kwe19.2 kW.
b. Mutengo Wekuisa & Kuoma:Nepo kuisirwa kweJ1772 (Level 2) kunofananidzwa newaya mudziyo muhombe ($300–$1,000 yehardware), DCFC (CCS/NACS) saiti yekuendesa inomiririra yakakosha purojekiti. Mari yese yepurojekiti (> $100,000 USD) inowanzodzorwa nekukwidziridzwa kwegidhi rekushandisa, mari yetransformer, uye mvumo yehunyanzvi-zvinhu zvinodarika $10,000–$40,000 unit hardware cost.[NREL Cost Analysis].
c. Connector Design
CCS: Inobatanidza mapini eJ1772 AC nemamwe mapini maviri eDC, ichiita kuti ive yakakura zvishoma pane yakajairwa J1772 yekubatanidza asi ichibvumira kuchinjika kukuru.
J1772: Iyo yakawanda compact yekubatanidza inotsigira AC kuchaja chete.
d. Kugarisana
CCS: Inoenderana neEVs dzakagadzirirwa zvese AC uye DC kuchaja, kunyanya inobatsira kune nzendo refu dzinoda kukurumidza kuchaja kumira.
J1772: Yese inopindirana neese maNorth America EVs uye maPHEVs ekuchaja kweAC, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mudzimba dzekuchaja zviteshi uye neruzhinji maAC charger.
e. Application
CCS: Yakanakira zvese zvekuchaja imba uye yekumhanyisa-kuchaja paunenge uchienda, inokodzera maEV ayo anoda kukurumidza kuchaja sarudzo.
J1772: Yakanyanya kukodzera kuchaja yepamba kana yebasa, yakanakira kuchaja kwehusiku kana zviseta uko kumhanya kusiri chinhu chakakosha.
f. Protocol Interoperability: SAE J3400 uye ISO 15118
Iyo CCS chiyero inovimba neISO 15118 (chaizvo 15118-2/20 yePLC pamusoro peKudzora Pilot mutsara) kugonesa zvinhu zvakachengeteka sePlug uye Charge (P&C). Zvine hutsinye, iyo SAE J3400 chiyero inotsanangurwa zvakajeka kuti inoenderana nemagetsi neISO 15118 protocol kuburikidza nePLC. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mota dzakashongedzerwa NACS dzinogona kutsigira P&C uye V2G (Motokari-ku-Grid) maficha, chero iyo yekuchaja yekumashure uye firmware yakagadziridzwa kuti iite zvizere ISO 15118 protocol kubatwa ruoko kweJ3400 yekubatanidza. Kudyidzana uku ndiko kunokosha kune shanduko isina musono.
[Visual Aid Note] Ona Mufananidzo 1 weJ1772 vs. CCS1 Connector Pinouts
7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
1.Can J1772-chete mota (AC) inochaja pachiteshi cheCCS?
Kwete, kwete yakananga DC yekuchaja nekukurumidza. Ipo hafu yepamusoro yechiteshi cheCCS iri chiteshi cheJ1772, veruzhinji DC vanokurumidza kuchaja zviteshi zvinongopa iyo yakazara CCS (DC) pfuti. Motokari yeJ1772-chete haigone kushandisa mapini eDC-simba.
2.Majaja eCCS anowanikwa zvakanyanya pazviteshi zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji?
Ehe.CCS majaja (CCS1/CCS2) akajairika pasi rose. KuNorth America, network yakakura, uye zviteshi zvakawanda zviri kuwedzera NACS majoi padivi neCCS1 kuti ienderane mune ramangwana.
3.Ko Tesla motokari dzinotsigira CCS kana J1772?
Tesla mota dzekuzvarwa dzinoshandisa iyo NACS yekubatanidza. Vanogona kuchaja paJ1772 (AC) zviteshi vachishandisa adapta, uye vanogona zvakare kuwana iyo CCS DC inokurumidza-kuchaja network vachishandisa mugadziri-akapihwa CCS adapta.
4.Ndeipi inokurumidza: CCS kana J1772?
CCS neNACS (J3400) dzinokurumidza kudarika J1772.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti CCS neNACS zvinotsigira Level 3 DC yekuchaja nekukurumidza, nepo J1772 inogumira kuNhare 1/2 AC inononoka kuchaja.
5.Ndeipi simba rekuchaja rejaja yeJ1772?
J1772 majaja anowanzo tsigira Level 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) uye Level 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW) kuchaja.
6.Ndeipi simba rekuchaja reCCS charger?
Machaja eCCS anowanzo tsigira mazinga emagetsi kubva pa50 kW kusvika pa350 kW, zvichienderana nechiteshi chekuchaja nemotokari.
7.Ndeipi mari yehardware yeJ1772 uye CCS/NACS majaja?
J1772 Level 2 units inowanzoita $300 - $1,000 USD (kusingabatanidzi wiring yekugara). DCFC (CCS/NACS) mayunitsi (50–150 kW) anowanzoita $10,000 - $40,000+ USD (ye hardware unit chete). Cherechedza: DCFC yakazara mari yeprojekti inowanzopfuura $100,000.
8.Ko CCS1 ichabviswa muNorth America?
CCS1 iri munguva yekuchinja. Nepo vazhinji vanogadzira mota vakazvipira kumachiteshi eNACS kutanga muna 2025/2026, CCS1 icharamba yakakosha kumamirioni evasiri veTesla EVs kwemakore. Manetiweki ekuchaja ari kufamba akananga kune mbiri-chiteshi (CCS1 + NACS) zviteshi.
8.Future Trends uye Mazano emushandisi
Sezvo musika weEV uchiramba uchikura, nzvimbo yekuchaja iri kuve yakakamurwa zvakajeka nedunhu uye nyaya yekushandisa:
•Global Standard: CCS2inoramba iri iyo isiri-Tesla chiyero muEurope yose nemamwe misika mikuru yepasirese.
•North America: SAE J3400 (NACS)iri kukurumidza kuita chiyero chitsva chekuchaja kwemotokari yevatyairi nekukurumidza, inotsigirwa neanenge ese makuru maautomaker. CCS1 icharamba yakakosha panguva yekuchinja.
•Kuchaja Kumba: SAE J1772(Level 2) icharamba ichitonga yakaderera-inodhura, inononoka-kuchaja musika wepamusha nenzvimbo yebasa nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo uye kureruka.
Kune vatengi, sarudzo inoenderana nenzvimbo. MuEurope, kuenderana kweCCS2 kunosungirwa. MuNorth America, kusarudza mota ineNACS yekuzvarwa (J3400)ndiyo yakanakisa nzira yeremangwana-humbowo hwekudyara kwako, nepo varidzi vasiri veTesla varipo vachifanira kuvimba nezviripoCCS1network uye adapter yeSupercharger yekuwana. Maitiro ari kunangambiri-port yekuchaja zviteshikushandira zvese zvazvino CCS zvikepe uye remangwana NACS zvikepe.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-31-2024